1. Maintenance of Fire Systems

Ongoing maintenance is vital to keeping fire protection systems operational. A case study by Elite Fire Protection last month is the perfect example of how ensuring that your fire protection system is functioning by allowing for regular maintenance can save economic losses. Businesses must regularly inspect and service firefighting equipment, including hose reels, hydrants, and sprinklers. Fire detection and alarm systems should be tested for early warning functionality, while fire doors, ventilation systems, and escape routes must remain unobstructed. Keeping accurate maintenance records is essential for demonstrating compliance during inspections. 

2. Water Reticulation for Fire Protection

A reliable water supply is crucial for firefighting, and SANS 10400-T outlines specific requirements. Businesses must ensure adequate water pressure and flow rates for fire suppression. Where municipal supply is insufficient, dedicated fire water storage tanks should be available. Water connections for firefighting equipment must remain clear and accessible, with routine checks to prevent blockages or leaks.

3. Fire Hose Reels

Fire hose reels serve as critical first-response tools. SANS 10400-T requires their installation in buildings of two or more storeys or single-storey buildings over 250m². They must be mounted with the spindle between 1.5m and 2.4m above the floor and clearly marked for visibility. Regular pressure and flow tests ensure proper coverage, and employees should be trained in their use.

4. Fire Hydrants

Fire hydrants play a critical role in providing large volumes of water for firefighting efforts, and compliance requirements must be met to ensure their effectiveness. Hydrants should be installed in accessible locations, ideally within 90 meters of any part of the building, to allow quick access in an emergency. They must be clearly marked and kept free from obstructions to ensure firefighters can use them without delay. Regular inspections are necessary to verify their operational functionality, including checking valve integrity and water pressure. Additionally, businesses must ensure that both staff and emergency response teams are familiar with hydrant locations and understand how to use them properly. 

5. Fire Sprinkler Systems or Fixed Fire Extinguishing & Fire Suppression Systems

Automatic sprinkler systems are essential for containing and extinguishing fires before they spread, and SANS 10400-T outlines specific requirements for their installation and maintenance. Sprinklers must be installed in high-risk areas such as warehouses, factories, and commercial buildings to enhance fire safety. In particular, as stipulated in our sprinkler questionnaire, warehouses exceeding 2,500m² in floor area are required to have a fire sprinkler system, while other building classifications, including basements and high-rise structures, must comply with the specific guidelines outlined in SANS 10400-T. Regular servicing is necessary to prevent malfunctions and detect any corrosion or rust that could degrade critical components. Additionally, fire sprinklers must be connected to a reliable water supply with sufficient pressure to ensure effective operation. Businesses must also adhere to installation requirements that align with their building type and fire load classification to maintain compliance and safety. 

6. Fire Doors and Compartmentalization

Fire doors play a crucial role in preventing the spread of fire and smoke within a building. Businesses must:

7. Ventilation and Smoke Control Systems

Proper ventilation helps remove heat and smoke, improving evacuation conditions. SANS 10400-T requires smoke ventilation systems in high-risk buildings. Stairways should be pressurized to prevent smoke infiltration, or, if unpressurized, must have a window or opening of at least 1m² per storey for natural ventilation. Fire dampers must be maintained to prevent fire and smoke from spreading through HVAC systems. It is recommended that businesses conduct routine maintenance and testing to ensure ventilation systems function correctly.

8. Escape Routes and Emergency Signage

Ensuring safe evacuation is a fundamental fire safety requirement. It is essential that businesses designate multiple, clearly marked escape routes leading to safe assembly points. Illuminated or photoluminescent exit signs must be installed per SANS 1186-1, SANS 1186-3, SANS 1186-5, and SANS 1464-22. Escape routes must remain unobstructed, free from storage or furniture. Conducting regular evacuation drills are essential to familiarize employees with exit strategies and ensure preparedness.